CDE110 2018-19 G1 Final

Group 1

Group memeber , ID and Responsilbilities:

1. Background

2. Research Methods

3. People & Communities

4.  Local Enterprise

5. Movement

6. Facilities

7. Food

8. Energy

9. Biodiversity

10. Water

11. Material

12. Conclusion

13. Recommendation

14. Participatory workshop

15. Reference

Xingtao Neighborhood is located in the west of the Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP) and is a typical urban village built to intensively relocate the villagers who lost their land due to the expansion of SIP. Nowadays, over half of the former residents have rented their houses to migrants and the community has become the gathering place of migration population and lost land villagers with relatively low socioeconomic status. However, while they are important labour force and contributed a lot for the flourish of SIP, these disadvantaged groups tend to be vulnerable due to la ack of welfare and safeguard. This page aims to have a holistic analysis of Xingtao Neighbourhood and offers some feasible solutions.

(Figure 1.1 Map of Shingtao Neighborhood_by Guo, 2019)

(Figure 1.2 Plan of Xingtao Neighborhood _by Guo, 2019)

( Figure 1.3 Aerial View of Xingtao Neighborhood_by all group members，2019)

Methods applied:

-People & Communities:

1. Questionnaire:

• sample size: 34
• female: 19 (56%); male: 15 (44%)
• age:

  age	number
  <20	2
  20-30	14
  30-40	4
  40-50	2
  50-60	2
  >60	10

2. Site visit

3. Literature review

4. Sketching

5. Photo taking

-Local Enterprise

1.Interview:

• sample size:
• sample size: 30
• female: 12 (40%); male: 18 (60%)
• age:

  age	number
  <31	6
  31-55	14
  >55	10

2. Site visit

3. Literature review

4. Photo taking

-Movement：

1.GIS

2. Site visit

3. Literature review

4.Photo taking

-Facilities

1.GIS

2. Site visit

3. Literature review

4. Photo taking

-Food

1.GIS

2. Site visit

3. Literture review

4. Questionnaire:

• sample size: 36
• female: 16 (44.4%); male:20 (55.5%)
• age：

  • age	number
    <20	1
    20-30	8
    30-40	5
    40-50	5
    50-60	7
    >60	10

5. Photo taking

-Energy

1. Site visit

2. Questionnaire:

• sample size: 30
• female: 12 (40%); male: 18 (60%)
• age:

  age	number
  <31	6
  31-55	14
  >55	10

3. Literature review

4. Photo taking

-Biodiversity

1. Site visit

2. Photo taking

3. Sample collection

4. Literature review

5. Statistics

-Water

1. Site visit

2. Photo taking

3. Sample collection

4. Literature review

5. Questionnaire:

• sample size: 20
• female: 8 (40%); male: 12 (60%)
• majority are native residents
• age:

  age	number
  <20	0
  20-30	3
  30-40	3
  40-50	3
  50-60	4
  >60	7

-Material

1. Site visit

2. Photo taking

3. Literature review

3.1 Questionnaire and data collected 

(Figure 3.1 Questionnaire_People_by Sheng, 2019)

(Figure 3.2 Data_ages&workers_by Sheng, 2019)    

 (Figure 3.3 Data_ Educational Level_by Sheng, 2019)

Overview:

There are approximately 23,000 people living in Xingtao Neighborhood (Xingtao Community office, 2019).To improve the local life quality, the community provides some infrastructure such as kindergarten and activities rooms for the elderly.

Body content:

1. Population structure according to the interview result

-About 64.7% immigrants in this community.

-Nearly four fifths of residents are below 60 years old and most of them are not the aborigines.

-After the original housings were demolished, the residents almost got high compensation and most of them tried to move to more prosperous area. 

2. Segregation:

Many external population especially elder people can not get integrated in the original residents’ circle due to the obscure dialect. Hence, there exits explicit segregation between the two groups people.

3. Residents activities in public space：

-35.3% of people think that there are very few activity places, and needs to build more public playgrounds.

-Young people mostly prefer to take activities outside the community because there are none entertainment facilities for them.

-The open space is a little crowded and the equipment are lacking, it is suggested to build another leisure space to satisfy the needs.

Finally, during the process of exploration, apart from those willing to be interviewed, about 15 people were reluctant to speak out because they were afraid to speak ill of the government or the community, which is obviously a result of some policies or bureaucracy. How to deal with this phenomenon when  promoting public participation should be considered seriously.

(Figure 3.4 Only public space_by Sheng, 2019)                             (Figure 3.5 Sketch of only public space_by Zhang, 2019)

4.1 Map of informal economy:

（Figure 4.1 informal economy_by Guo, 2019)

（Table 4.1 informal economy_by Guo, 2019)

4.2 Observation:

1. Abundant informal economy activities that provide job opportunities and necessary services.

（Figure 4.2 interview_by Guo, 2019)

2. Many informal local enterprises are run by disabled people who can not move conveniently.

（Figure 4.3 interview_by Guo, 2019)

3. The informal economy activities can promote social interaction and cohesion.

（Figure 4.4 interview_by Guo, 2019)

4.3 Challenge:

1.  The local ‘431’ movement will strength investigation and punishment on local informal enterprise after Qingming festival since the government of Suzhou do not allow multiuse of a building and residential area can only be residential use.

2.  According to a former member of neighborhood committee, there are huge number of residents whose salary is around 2,000 yuan. However, the normal rent of an apartment is bout 1500 yuan and the ground floors whose rent is around 600 yuan is forbidden to be rented to immigrants by the government due to potential fire risk. Furthermore, the methods that government applied is usually dehumanized. Currently, there exist a huge mismatch between the demand and supply of housing and many immigrants are forced to move from one to another ground floors to escape from governments’ investigation.

（Figure 4.5 interview_by Guo, 2019)

 (Figure 4.6 home-renting business_by Guo,2019)

4.4 Recommendation:

1. Increase fire rating of ground floor rather than prohibit immigrants living there.

2. Provide subsides for apartment renting.

3. Allow, encourage and regulate rather prohibit informal economy (Figure 4.7)

(Figure 5.1 Catchment of bus stops_by Yan, 2019)

Public Transportation:

This picture shows the bus station catchment based on the 400 m standard. Although the four bus stations are located near the main gates, there are still some parts of the Xingtao Neighborhood that is out of the 400 meters straight-line and  several distance away from the bus stations.

Regarding to the bus lines, there are 20 common lines pass the four bus stations in total and they connect many important places such as railway station, hospital and CBDs. One special line named YuHuang Palace Line is only available from the first day of the New Year to the fifteenth day of the New Year in Chinese calendar and this line drives the residents in community to YuHuang Palace for their tradition hobbies. Moreover, the distance between Xingtao Neighborhood and nearest metro station is more than 2 km that the metro service of the neighborhood is really awful based on the 800 m standard for metro station. 

Viability:

The width of the road in the Xingtao Neighborhood is 4 meters for each lane and it has dual carriageway around the boundary. One interesting issue is that there are parking areas in the mid land of all the residential buildings. The special parking area not only designed for private cars, but also is for some other transport such as tricycles, shared cars and bicycles.

Also, as soon as people come into the community, a sign with community plan would be easily found at all the three main gates. However, an important problem of Xingtao Neighborhood is the road quality that the roads always have cracks in the mid land of the residential buildings. This is not user-friendly especially for the vulnerable and affects the aesthetics of the community. There is not any restriction for car in the community and cars could reach even everywhere residents could reach. 

（Figure 5.2 viability_by Yan, 2019）

Observation:

Traffic

There are four bus stops located close to the main gates along the entire community, which is very convenient for residents to take a bus.

(Figure 6.1  Bus stops and main gates_by Huang, 2019)

However, the utilization of bicycles is limited. Two bicycle shared sites are set at the northern and eastern gates separately, thus the number is not adequate. Moreover, there are no bicycle related facilities in the neighborhood such as special bike paths and bike shelters.

Convivial space

This convivial space keeps residents together and creates many possibilities for social activities (Barton, Grant & Guise, 2010). The two figures below display the existing facilities in the center of the community.

            (Figure 6.2  Public services_by Huang, 2019)

            Figure 6.3 recreation facilities_by Huang, 2019)

According to the figure established in the ‘movement’ part, the accessibility towards central facilities is not efficient. Although the catchment has covered most area of the community, the residents living along the edge are complaining the walkability to move to the center. As a result, they prefer to obtain the service out of the community near their houses.

(Figure 6.1  Catchment of service center_by Huang, 2019)

Informal gates

There are at least four informal doors existing along the neighborhood, three types are shown below.

   (Figure 6.1  Informal gates_by Huang, 2019)

This phenomenon is strange but reasonable. By analysing the locations of these small gates, the reasons could be approximately concluded. Two doors in the north can just connect the main roads outside, and the rest are at the southern corner. On the one hand, residents created these doors for convenience because the main gates are not accessible for some of them. On the other hand, it seems that there is a planning mistake of this district that no gates were constructed in the south part.

Questionnaire

(Figure 7.1 Questionnaire_by Fa, 2019)

Results:

1. There is only one restaurant and few secluded small food shops in this community. Even growing vegetables, which is a common phenomenon in other urban villages in China is rare in this community. This is resulted from the strict restrictions on land use by local government: residential land is prohibited from being used for other purposes.

2. Residents here are mainly low-income class, such as resettlement households and migrant workers; therefore, the restaurants around are mostly low-end where hygiene situation is poor. Additionally, part of interviewees said that they are migrant workers from northern China, so the food in Suzhou is not agree with them. Considering those factors, almost all the interviewees said they always cook on their own, rather than order takeout or go out for dinner.

3. Their food is mainly from a small-scale farm product market located in community centers. Food are complete here, which can basically meet the various needs of the them. Roughly estimated, there are more than 30 kinds of vegetables and various meat and processed foods.

4. Most interviewees said that food prices in the market are quite high. An interviewee even said that the price here is "the highest in China, even higher than that in Beijing. For instance, 50 yuan per 500g for shrimps". Despite the exaggeration, it can be seen that food prices in this market put pressure on residents. They also expressed that they have to continue shopping in this market because of the relatively long distance to others (usually 10mins by e-bike to the larger one, 5mins on foot to this one)

Observations:

(Figure 7.2 Homemade food_by Fa, 2019)

Homemade food or vegetables grown by residents for saving money

\

(Figure 7.3 Food market_by Fa, 2019)

The market was very crowded.

(One reason for the high price here might be the demand exceeding supply. Interviewees mentioned that the target users of this small-scale market covers not only the 20 thousand residents in this community, but some overseas students of Suzhou University as well.)

(Figure 7.4 Food catchment_by Fa, 2019)

Energy is one of the significant parts in residents’ life and it is also a focal problem in many countries. As a result, in this sector, basic information on energy use will be analysed. In addition, the supply of energy will be analysed from the aspect of both nature and policy. First of all, according to the site visit to Xingtao Neighborhood and the interviews (see Table 8.1), data about the energy use has been shown in figure 8.1. natural gas and electricity (see Figure 8.2 and 8.3) are frequently used.

(Table 8.1 content of interview_by Zhang, 2019)

 (Figure 8.1 pie chart of energy use_by Zhang, 2019)

(Figure 8.2: electrical box in lotus village_by Zhang, 2019)               (Figure 8.3: gas pipeline in lotus village_by Zhang, 2019)

Secondly, as for the natural supply of energy. The height of the sun moves from 36^o to 82^o annually because of the estimated location (120^oE 31^oN). The solar power is only convenient for the forth or fifth floor during sunny days. As for the wind, the average wind speed is about 3.4m/s and the dominant wind direction is southeast and northwest. Xingtao neighborhood is surrounded by camphor trees and magnolia grandiflora which can reduce the wind speed.

Next, from the aspect of energy policy. Suzhou sip has put forward a policy in 2017 to encourage the contribute energy internet and co-generation which may realize mix preparation and efficient management (Suzhou government, 2017). According to the neighborhood property, 7:00-9:00 is a peak time when the charge is higher and the fee is higher.

To improve the energy efficiency in Xingtao neighborhood, we give two recommendations:

1) Use co-generation of electricity and heat (see Figure 8.4). Suzhou sip has put forward a policy in 2017 to encourage the contribute energy internet and co-generation which may realize mix preparation and efficient management (Suzhou government, 2017).

2) Cancelling the solar power. according to our research, the usage of solar power is low and limited.    

(Figure 8.4 cogeneration of electricity and heat_by Zhang,2019)

Suzhou is located in the temperate zone and has four seasons. It has a subtropical monsoon climate, so the main vegetation types in Suzhou are evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest.  The charts below show the information we get during the field trip.

Chart 9.1: Main types of green place in Xingtao neighborhood_by Chen, 2019   

Chart 9.2： Main Landscape Plant_by Chen, 2019

Chart 9.3: Main Plants planted by local residents_by Chen, 2019

(Figure 9.1: Plants planted by local residents_by Chen, 2019)

Chart 9.4： main animals

Chart 9.5: Main flowering plants and their flowering periods_by Chen, 2019

After site visit, we analysed the information we got and found 4 main problems. 

Firstly, the specie components of plant in the neighborhood is too simple. According to the biodiversity survey report of SIP, there are around 769 plants species and 70 bird species in SIP (Wang and Lu et al., 2013). However, there are only around 40 plant species and 8 bird species in the Xingtao Neighborhood. Furthermore, the vertical structures are also simple (see figure 9.2).

(Figure 9.2: simple vertical structures and there is no entrance for residents to get in to the major green space_by Chen, 2019)

The reasons are:

1. The weed controls reduced species richness in the lawns.

2. The same plant configuration pattern repeats again and again.

3. Hard Banks of the river prevent the growth of aquatic plants and algae.

Secondly, the green spaces inside do not form wildlife network so that animals cannot move safely. Although the linear green spaces along the road form a wildlife corridor, they are located along the edges and do not get attached with the inner space of major green space. Furthermore, the major green spaces are in pieces without connection.

Thirdly, because of the simple species components, simple vertical structure and broken green space, the space for animals’ habitats is limited. 

Fourth, existing lawns are damaged by building waste left after the construction of outdoor carport (see Figure 9.3 and 9.4).

 (Figure 9.3& 9.4: lawns that damage by building waste_by Chen, 2019)  

Recommendation：

1. Add more native plant species to form the landscape to abundant plant configuration pattern. Use different arbors, shrubs, herbs and lianas to create more complex vertical structure. Relax moving regimes to encourage wildflowers (Barton, Grant and Guise, 2003).  

2. Transform the hard banks of the river in to natural streambed and add shallows along the riverbank.

3. Build more trellis with lianas to create corridors throughout those major green spaces.

4. Clean up the building waste and restore original lawns.

5. Build green roof to increase green coverage. 

6. Use the small pieces of green space near the entrance of the residential buildings to construct community gardens for residents to grow vegetables to increase the plant species. 

10.1. Interview

20 residents were interviewed randomly. 8 pieces of valid information are shown below.

（Table 10.1 Interview_by Yu, 2019)

10.2. Different water uses found in the neighborhood

(Table 10.2 Different water in Xingtao Neighborhood_by Yu, 2019)

10.3. Ground surface and permeability

(Figure 10.11: Surfaces with different water permeability in the community_by Guo,Yu, 2019)

10.4. Proposals for a better water system

-The government should impose more serious laws to punish residents’ illegal water usage.

-Upgrade water-related infrastructures and facilities, including pipelines, pumps and wells.

-Apply Sustainable Drainage System. One possibility is capturing rainwater in a more efficient way such as the green roof. Another possibility is installing filter strips and swales to improve ground permeability. As figure 10.12 shows, this vegetated surface feature can be designed into public open space or road verges and drains water evenly from impermeable areas.

(Figure 10.12: Filter strips and swales (Barton et al., 2003)）

-Recycle and reuse water within the community (see Figure 10.13). In terms of Xingtao Neiborhood, as the river bank is long, it is feasible to plant reedbeds to treat grey water for reuse. Moreover, green water collected from green roofs is proposed to be treated on site and import into the whitewater system.

（Figure 10.13: Ideal water recycle system within a community (Barton et al., 2003)）

-Open up waterfront area on the premise of safety. Create some shallow water area for residents to enjoy.

-Non-spatial factors—the ‘Soft infrastructure’. As individuals, residents do not often choose to live in a water-efficient way because there is not enough motivation (Barton et al., 2003). The government could give subsidies to encourage the installation of water-efficient devices and appliances, such as water-saving baths, low flush toilets which can save water more efficiently. There could be a great difference if the water company reduces charges for those who implement water-efficiency measures.

The material loop is an important issue to be considered when designing a sustainable neighborhood. Waste could be resources and local materials recovery generates opportunities for business and jobs.

11.1. Kerbside collection

Figure 11.1 shows the distribution of the kerbside collection of waste in the neighborhood. Firstly, there are numerous trash cans distributed at the public spaces between rows of houses and along the boundary and main roads. Furthermore, refuse sorting points are only located at the roadside of the boundary and there are indicators nearby instructing the location of the point.

 （Figure11.1 waste collection in the community_by Guo&Wang, 2019)

(Figure11.2 refuse sorting point_by Wang, 2019)

(Figure11.3 Clothes recycling_by Wang, 2019)

In the refuse sorting point, wastes are divided clearly into harmful waste, recyclable waste and other waste. Additionally, specific explanations are posted at the refuse sorting point (Figure11.2). Moreover, clothes recycling cans (Figure11.3) are also common in the neighborhood.

11.2. Repair, recycle and reuse with people involvement

 
(Figure11.4 community recycling_by Wang, 2019)

(Figure11.5 junk recycle_by Wang, 2019)

 (Figure11.6 shoes repairing_by Wang, 2019)

Local waste stream could be a materials bank, which could provide job opportunities. As is shown in figure11.4, 11.5, 11.6, local residents are involved in the process of recycling, repairing and reusing. Identifying and separating useful material in the waste stream could not only releases its value for re-use but also reduce the transport cost and save resources.

11.3. Waste without dispose and waste output

(Figure11.7 waste without dispose_by Wang, 2019)

(Figure11.8 abandoned furniture_by Wang, 2019)

Although there are numerous collection facilities in the community, huge numbers of waste are still piled up without disposing, which causes terrible mess in the neighborhood (Figure11.7 and 11.8). Another part of waste is transported out of the community, mainly by the trucks(Figure11.9).

(Figure11.9 waste output_by Wang, 2019)

11.4. Conclusion: Material loop in Xingtao Neighborhood

(Figure11.10 material loop of Shintao Neighborhood_by Wang, 2019)

Overall, our group have conducted a comprehensive analysis on Xingtao Neighborhood on 9 aspects. These 9 aspects were found to be mutually related rather than mutually exclusive. To sum up, figure 12.1 was drawn to present the relationships among different aspects in the context of Xingtao Neighborhood.

(figure 12.1 relationships among 9 aspects_by Guo&Zhang, 2019 )

Meanwhile, a spectrum was made to present a holistic view of the neighborhood （Figure 12.2)

(figure 12.2 Spectrum analysis of Xingtao Neighborhood_by all group members, 2019)

As figure 12.2 shows that, the infrastructures and environment of the neighborhood are adequate while people, local enterprise and material are still problematic. The next section will draw up some recommendations for improvement.

1. Allow ground floor to be rented for residential use and partially allow residential-commercial mixed-use

Expected result:

(Figure 13.1 expected result _Yu, 2019)

Process:

Short-term: adequate fire control facilities will be installed to ensure the safety of ground floor.

Long-term:  based on the existing layout of informal economy, the land use of partial neiborhood will be converted into mixed-use  (Figure 13.2) for higher local multiplier and adaptability of the neighborhood (Barton et.al, 2003)

Meanwhile, the current informal enterprises will be upgraded (Figure 13.3).

(Figure 13.2 partially mixed-use of Xingtao Neighborhood_by Guo, 2019)

(Figure 13.3 re-image the informal groceries_Zhang, 2019)

2. Repairing the damaged road and separating pedestrians and vehicles

Expected result:

(figure 13.4 expected result _Yu, 2019)

Process:

Short-term: repairing the damaged road

Long-term: separating pedestrains and vehicles (Figure 13.5)

1. narrow down the original car lanes to make room for sidewalks

2. convert the original green land into footpaths for pedestrians

3. planted lines of small trees serve as green segregation and shelters for those relaxed people

(Figure 13.5 separating pedestrian and vehicles_Guo&Shen, 2019)

3. Water bank transformation

Expected result:

(Figure 13.6 expected result _Yu, 2019)

Process:

Short-term: 1. Transform the hard banks of the river in to natural streambed and create shallows along the riverbank.  

Long-term: 2. Construct river ecosystem by planting aquatic plants like reeds to purify water quality.

(Figure 13.7: natural streambed_by Zhang,2019)

(Figure 13.8: shallow_by Zhang,2019)  

4. Local food delivery services

Expected result:

(Figure 13.9 expected result _Yu, 2019)

Process:

Short-term: encourage and subsidize existing local food delivery behaviour.

long-term:

1. try to make an formal alliance between local community and private food producers.

2. establish both telephonic and online ordering systems for the convenience of all groups.

(Figure 13.10 expected result _Zhang, 2019)

4. Roof garden

Expected result:

(Figure 13.11 expected result _Yu, 2019)

Process:

Build green roof (Figure 13.12) to replace those usless solar water heater. Different kinds of arbors, shrubs, herbs and lianas should be used to form a complete econmy system and a efficent rainwater filtration and collection system.

(Figure 13.12 roof garden_by Guo,2019)

5. Community garden

Expected result:

(figure 13.13 expected result _Yu, 2019)

Process:

According to the needs of residents, make full use the small piece of green space near the entrance of the residential buildings to construct commuity gardens (Figure 13.14) for residents to grow vegetables.

(Figure 13.14 community garden_by Chen&Guo, 2019)

6. Corridors connecting major green space

Expected result:

(Figure 13.15 expected result _Yu, 2019)

Process:

Build more trellis with lianas (Figure 13.16) to create corridors along the secondary roads. These corridors can connect major green space and can also provide shadows and benches for residents to rest.

(Figure 13.16  trellis_by Zhang,2019)

7. Additional refuse collection points + enhancing management

Expected result:

(Figure 13.17 expected result _Yu, 2019)

Process:

Short-term: existing refuse collection

Medium-term: embedding additional refuse collection points

Long-term: reform and enhance the refuse management system

8.Pipelines repair + Water  saving  equipment

Excepted result:

(Figure 13.18 expected result _Yu, 2019)

Process:

1. replace the aged and damaged pipelines
2. dredge the blocked underground pipelines
3. encourage the installation of domestic water-saving equipment

9. Special bicycle path:

Excepted result:

(Figure 13.19 expected result _Yu, 2019)

Process:

1. Construct the special bicycle path along the main roads

2. Plan numerous bicycle shelters at the forks in road (Figure 13.20)

(Figure 13.20 bike path _Huang, 2019)

10. Open space:

Excepted result:

(Figure 13.21 expected result _Zhang, 2019)

Process:

New open spaces:

Add recreational space and green walkway to encourage healthy lifestyle, social connection and benefit to sprit (Figure 13.22)

(Figure 13.22 open spaces _Huang, 2019)

On 25^th April, our group went to the Xingtao neighbourhood to have a participatory workshop with local residents in order to enhance public engagement and encourage them to talk about their opinions of their community.

Methods applied:

1. Planning for real:

We made a simple model of Xingtao Neighbourhood to explain our recommendations for residents. By interacting with the residents through the model, our ideas are easier to be understood by the residents.

(Figure 14.1 Planning for real_by Chen, 2019)

2. Charrette:

Acting as professors about neighbourhood planning, we explained how our recommendations would benefit the neighbourhood. This process should have helped residents understand our proposal better but in fact only few residents were successfully engaged.

(Figure 14.2 Charrtte_by Chen, 2019)

3. Walk along:

We went to the site with residents. By this method, we could directly see the current situation and problems. By discussing with residents at the real sites, they were more likely to understand our ideas.

(Figure 14.3 Walk along_by Chen, 2019)

4. Message wall:

We made a board written that ‘I like___, and I want ____to be better’ to collect residents' opinions anonymously about their neighbourhood. The messages collected were diverse and showed residents’ real feelings.

(Figure 14.4 Message wall_by Chen, 2019)

5. Spectrum Analysis:

According to residents' comments, a spectrum was created.

(Figure 14.5 Spectrum_by Guo, 2019)

After the workshop, we collected several useful opinions to revise some of our recommendations：

· The safety issues of the river bank were emphasised by residents. In reaction, some safety facilities like life rings will be added in our proposal of river bank.

· One resident reminded us that the restoration of original green space is more urgent than building trellis.

· Due to residents' concern about security,  guard houses and monitors will be embedded in the new gates  respectively.

Barton, H., Grant, M., & Guise, R. (2003) Shaping neighbourhoods: a guide for health, sustainability and vitality. London and New York: Taylor & Francis.

Suzhou government (2017) guān yú qüán miàn tuī jìn sū zhoū gong yè yuan qū jiàn shè guó jiā néng yuán hù lián wâng shì fàn qū dè tōng zhī [Notice on Fully Promoting the Construction of National Energy Internet Demonstration Zone in Suzhou Industrial Park] [Online]. Available from: http://www.suzhou.gov.cn/xxgk/zdgchssxm/zfhshzbhzpppxmxx/201711/t20171121_934093.shtml (accessed: 6 April 2019)

Suzhou Water Supply Co. Ltd (2019) Tap water price table of Suzhou [Online] Available from: http://www.szzls.com.cn/Info.aspx?PID=C65BACF5-210F-4123-A8EF-41E8D4783C6A (Accessed: 4 April 2019)

Xingtao community (2019) local community introduction

Wang and Lu et al. (2013) the biodiversity survey report of SIP [Online]. Available from: https://ice.xjtlu.edu.cn/pluginfile.php/86210/mod_resource/content/0/SIP%20Biodiversity%20Survey%20Report%20I.pdf  (Accessed: 27, March, 2019).