CDE110 2018-19 G10 Final

As old neighborhoods are being erased, modernizing cities displace millions of households to suburban areas where they are relocated, rural villages are being overrun. Another concern is the aging community, which contributes to massive problematic issues.

Methods

Process

Introduction

As we all know, people are the most important and basic component of the community. In this part, we will analyze the people and community from the perspectives of a diverse population, housing, living environment and activities.

People

A diverse population is mainly related to two aspects, types of household and income levels and socioeconomic groups (Barton, Grant and Guise, 2010).

There are 5,778 permanent residents and 5,400 external tenants when there is a total number of 1,549 households in the 3^rd Lotus Village (Figure 1.1), which is a typical overall resettlement community formed after farmers are collectively expropriated. For the age structure, a significant feature of the 3^rd Lotus Village is the big and growing proportion of the elderly in according to the materials given by the community and the sample survey of 20 families (Figure 1.2).

Figure 1.1 The population of the 3^rd Lotus Village (Liu, 2019)

Figure 1.2 The current age structure of the 3^rd Lotus Village  (Liu, 2019)

From the aspect of the income levels, household income channels are diversified including house rental, self-employed workers, enterprise workers, migrant workers and community public employment. The income gap between families is wide, with an annual income ranging from tens of thousands to millions yuan (Figure 1.3).

Figure 1.3 The income situation of 3^rd Lotus Village (Zhang, 2011)

Housing

The community: 325,500 ㎡

Construction area: 288,100 ㎡

Supporting public housing: 5,350 ㎡

Green area: 133,100 ㎡

The unit size: from 45.7 ㎡ to 162.2 ㎡

The average house price: about 22,000 yuan / ㎡

Living environment

According to the field trip and Xindongyuan community office (2019), the public facilities and residential buildings and other infrastructure are relatively old. Another problem we found is that the public space like the green areas and parking areas are occupied or polluted by individuals. For example, the recyclers put rubbish on public green spaces and residents’ wedding and funereal families will use the wooden garden (Figure 1.4). Such problems lead to the poor living environment of residents.

Figure 1.4 The occupied public space (Liu, 2019)

Activities

From the field trip, we can see the main users of the public facilities in this community are the elderly and children.

Old people gathering to chat in public spaces can be seen everywhere. And there are also an elderly activity room and a nursing home which is being rebuilt (Figure 1.5). However, when we chatted with an old man, he mentioned that the activities the elderly can do were too single, no more than playing cards.

Figure 1.5 Activities of the old people (Liu, 2019)

The other important subject of community activities is the children. We can see the facilities in the playground for the kids.

Figure 1.6 Activities of the children (Liu, 2019)

Interaction

• People (activities) & Local facilities

           The creational facilities for children and exercise facilities for the elderly are both not enough, which are important sources for residents’ activities.

• People (Income), Community (environment) & Local enterprise & Materials

           In this community, some residents will do some informal economy like collecting garbage as part of their income. However, they will occupy public space and pollute the environment during this process.

Overall research methods

Photograph and interview to descript the current situation (combining literature review and mapping to give further explaining)

Photography:

Recycling business  a kind of collective economy that can provide  income for many households
Informal business on the ground floor:  the most important characteristic/type of economy
Renting business

Informal economy and social interaction

Literature review: the manicurists joined the informal economy through their families and friendship networks, and also that their competences have contributed to building a reputation, not only in those networks but also in their expansion thanks to the new connections made (Domanski and Gwosdz, 2010)

Figure 2.1 Examples of the social niche around informal enterprise (Jia, 2019)

When people have trade with each other, they usually have interaction with each other, in this case, the form the social connection as well as public space.

Issues found through the field trip

Influence of forbidding informal economy

Background: The local ‘431’ movement (strict zoning policy)

Interview:

Spatial distribution of the local economy

Mapping:

The extent of informal economy	Internal circulation and hierarchy of the road

Brief description:

• The physical layout of the building would influence where the informal economy occurs
• The large green area gets in the way of the informal economy and reduces the vitality of the neighborhood

• Vegetable Market has greatly influenced the extent of the local economy

Figure 2.2 (Barton, Grant and Guise, 2010)

Possible reasons:

The informal economy that we observed is mainly based on the food resources of the Vegetable Market since the majority of people, especially old people who live in Lotus Village are framers, they keep some of their old living habits. For example, growing vegetable and raise chickens, which could act as the multiplier in the economic niche that more near the 1^st level street, the informal economy is less likely to happen.

Systematic analysis and further implications

① its multiplier effects

This can be categorized as demand-driven multiplier effects, generated by the creation of a new type of demanded economic activities. Since, when designers and planners are preparing this reconstruction project, they ignore some needs for residents’ daily life. Therefore, when completed, the residents themselves organized a self-contained living circle (Domanski and Gwosdz, 2010).

② implication for participatory design and planning

If in the beginning, residents are involved in the planning and design, the plan would be more comprehensive.

Introduction

Accessibility plays an essential role in the neighbourhood which is referred to as one of the criteria of the facilities to support residents' daily life. In the third Lotus Village, it could be appraised into six fields including traffic & communication, shopping, education, health, sports & recreation, and community service based on Zhai and Wang's research (2012). This section aims to analyze the accessibility to facilities of traffic, education, health and recreation mainly through catchment mapping.

Public transport

To begin with, the public transport system in Site 4 is comprehensive and well-organized. As Figure 3.1 shows, the service catchment covers all the areas from both overall (residential area) and partial (neighbourhood) perspectives. Hence, the third Lotus village could seem like a friendly neighbourhood which brings convenience in terms of traffic.

Figure 3.1 Public transport service catchment (Zhang, 2019)

* The service radius distance of bus stop and public bicycle station is 500 meters (300m is optimal for cycle)  according to Li and Long (2015) and the principle of public bicycle site selection (Wang, Yao and Lu, 2017).

Education

However, the education facilities are not designed as well as public transportation, especially the kindergarten and secondary school in Site 4. Additionally, although the primary schools^* could apparently meet the kids' demand from the residential area level, the quantity of them is still not sufficient.

Figure 3.2 Education (Zhang, 2019)

*The terminology of primary school refers to the school proving the 9-year compulsory education.

Health

Figure 3.3 Health (Zhang, 2019)

As shown in figure 3.3, inhabitants in the residential area can access to the basic medical facilities conveniently. Nevertheless, there is no large-scale hospital in 3 km pedshed. Moreover, for the dwellers who live in Site 4, it is difficult to arrive at the nearest health station within 4~5 minutes in case any emergency (gold emergency time is 4 minutes) at night.

Sports and Recreation

Figure 3.4 Sports, culture & recreation (Zhang, 2019)

It seems well except the play area for children. The pocket parks combined square with play street create a healthy environment. However, one elderly complained about the community lacks cultural facilities from the interview. "There is only one recreation center (room) for the elderly to play the Mahjong," He said, "I don't like it because it's so boring". It demonstrates a higher quality of life from the elderly is required which is a large challenge for the existing community facilities.

Summary of the service radius distance

Figure 3.5 Criteria (Drawn by Zhang based on the research of Barton, Grant and Guise, 2010; Wu and Li, 2010)

Feasibility

Due to the technology restricts, all the catchment diagrams are based on the literature review and field trip instead of the more accurate method of GIS. Additionally, direct routes are one of the main factors taken into consideration.

Interaction

• Facilities & Activities (People and Community)

           More sports & recreation facilities are required to provide for the elderly to exercise and communication since the existing facilities are so limited that cannot meet the local demands.

           Establishing a car-free and aging-friendly community/neighbourhood seems as an urgent objective in the current stage depending on the analysis.

• Accessibility & Local enterprise & Food facilities (Wu and Li, 2010; Ying's PPT)

           Access to - restaurants, repair shop, bookstore, pharmacy: Lotus Village (residential area) level; 800~1000m

                            - market, non-staple food store, barbershop: Site 4 (neighbourhood) level; 400~500m

                            - light food, convenience stores: Homeplace (block) level; 150~200m

• Accessibility & Movement

           Public transportation network (bus stops & more importantly, public bicycles) influences positively on residents' trip mode (connected and convenient).

• Facilities & Energy & Materials

           The government set several public pile points for charging electric cars, garbage & old clothes sorting and recycling.

Introduction

Movement of people and vehicles can largely influence on many aspects of neighborhoods. For example, pedestrian safety, accessibility to facilities and environmental effect. The prior objective of the movement is probably to enhance the walkability of people and accessibility to facilities or service. For this, it is important to provide good quality of pavements, pedestrian safety and accessible routes to facilities.

Viability: a type of movements in Lotus village

A viable community provides people with various types of movements according to their convenience and affordability, which enables the community to be economically sustainable. In the third Lotus village, there are relatively different types of movements: walking, bicycle, tricycles, e-bike, motorcycle, car.

Figure 4.1 Different type of movement in the third Lotus village (Hong, 2019)

Convivial environment: pedestrian safety and a pleasant walkable environment

In Site 4, the roads and streets are focusing on car movement, for example, most roads are for cars and parking lots. Pedestrian and bicycles are passing by the roads without a separated path for them. A small number of pedestrian sidewalks are not connected to walk for a long time and are in poor condition. When it comes to land use, most spaces between housings are used for parking lots or green space which are almost underutilized. In addition, because of the parking lots between housings, a number of cars move around in block which is so dangerous for pedestrian, especially elders and children.

Figure 4.2 Comprehensive map of movement (Hong, 2019)

Figure 4.3 The wide and long roads is for cars and it is difficult to find pedestrian sidewalk (Hong, 2019)

Figure 4.4 Poor quality of sidewalk condition (Hong, 2019)

Figure 4.5 The street trees are making sidewalks more narrow (Hong, 2019)

Figure 4.6 The spaces between building are occupied with a parking lot for motorcycles and cars which can be used for pedestrian sidewalk or green open space (Hong, 2019)

Equitable access: access to gates and facilities

The fences surrounding the village and a limited number of entrances led local residents to make their own informal gate to enter and exit freely (In Site 4, there were four informal gates made by breaking fence). Furthermore, the limited entrances and small gates can make residents difficult to access to public facilities such as bus stop and centric market, health station.

Figure 4.7 Informal gate which is made by local residents for their convenience (Hong, 2019)

Figure 4.8 The location of both formal and informal gates (Hong, 2019)

According to our survey, there are four main sources of energy in this community: electricity, natural gas, solar energy and firewood. We will use pictures, data from neighborhood committee and interview of residents to show this part.

  Figure 5.1 Electricity (Qiu, 2019)                                        Figure 5.2 Natural gas (Qiu, 2019)

Figure 5.3 Solar Energy (Qiu, 2019)                                        Figure 5.4 Firewood (Qiu, 2019)

After the survey, we found that most families use electricity and natural gas, only those people who live in the high-rise use solar energy. In addition, firewood in use in the wedding feast because of convenient and low-priced.

There are two types of charging place for residents, one is for motorcar, another is for motorbike.

      Figure 5.5 For car (Qiu, 2019)                                         Figure 5.6 For motorbike (Qiu, 2019)

According to measurement, the distance between the two buildings is 14 meters, and the height of buildings is 15 meter. The residents who lived on the second floor cannot get the sun in winter. Therefore, the distance between the two buildings is not long enough to ensure each floor to get sunlight in winter.    

Figure 5.7 Sunlight (Qiu, 2019)

The neighborhood is surrounded by magnolia Grandiflora which can reduce the wind speed.

Research method

Photograph and interviews to represent the current stage of water

The comprehensive analysis concerned with both social and physical aspect

Historical review

Figure 6.1 Old map before relocation

Analysis

Due to the uniqueness of the lotus village that they are relocated into the edge of SIP, it is difficult to design a heterogeneous environment for neighborhood, which influences on the layout of water is the current straightforward pattern.

Introduction

In terms of food, taking food into the community plan can deepen consider about the health problems of residents' lives. Food is a human element essential to survival, Engel data to clarify the poor family will consume a greater proportion of funds in terms of food. McInerney mentioned in 2016 that the more densely distributed the food, the easier it is to get high quality food, but poor people who often live in underdeveloped areas do not have enough foods of the same variety, nor can they get enough high-quality nutrition. Simultaneously, the distribution of community foods with too few types can also cause obesity among adolescents (Smith, 2010).

Condition in site

In the observation of Lotus Village, the concentration of food distribution is low. In the target area 3 of our group, only one supermarket is open to all residents, and there is also an elderly activity area that can provide daily diet for the elderly in the community. Interestingly, residents will use the free land in the residential area to grow some crops such as green onions or parsley, and even raise chickens in the open space. This will increase the access of some residents to food and also more connections between food and the community.

Figure 7.1 Distribution of community food facilities (Zhao, 2019)

    Figure 7.2 Crops handled by residents (Zhao, 2019)       Figure 7.3 The residents are raising chickens (Zhao, 2019)

Figure 7.4 Small supermarket (Zhao, 2019)

Connection

According to local residents, the Lotus Village is directly converted from agricultural land to urban land. The original farmers have no other recreational activities in the new residential area, so planting crops is not only a way for local residents to obtain fresh food but also one of their activities. At the same time, local residents can increase the ecological diversity of their communities by planting crops and raising chickens.

Food maps or farmer markets can be established in local food access, which encourages the introduction of life into the community, helps the city to renew, and encourages social interaction. The quality and diversity of food will increase, allowing stakeholders to get more benefits.

Introduction

Materials would become “waste” and being waste stream due to no longer requiring its use (Barton, Grant and Guise, 2010). Thus, the material loop (Figure 8.1) is a significant issue of a sustainable neighborhood.

Figure 8.1 Material loop (Barton, Grant and Guise, 2010)

Current Situation

Figure 8.2 Distribution of waste collection in the neighbourhood (Ma, 2019)

1. Numerous garbage bins are arranged between rows of residential buildings which bring convenience for residents to deal with household waste.
2. The number of refuse sorting bins is two and they are only set near the main gates.
3. There are several clothes recycling boxes, but their positions are very scattered and there is no rule to find.
4. Waste incineration is located at the boundary of the neighborhood.

                     Figure 8.3 Waste heap (Ma, 2019)                             Figure 8.4 Clothes sorting box (Ma, 2019)

Figure 8.5 Refuse sorting bins (Ma, 2019)              Figure 8.6 Community recycling (Ma,2019)

Figure 8.7 Waste incineration-1 (Ma, 2019)                Figure 8.8 Waste incineration-2 (Ma, 2019)

Figure 8.9 Food waste (Ma, 2019)         

Existing problems

1. The arrangement of different types of bins is not reasonable. For instance, during the interview, a lady who has a child said that she had the awareness of refuse sorting, but the refuse sorting bins are far away from her house, so she chose not to classify the waste and throw them directly into the nearby trash can.
2. From the interview, several residents said they had never seen anyone come to the neighborhood to collect the clothes from the clothes recycling box. As a result, this kind of box turns into a decoration.
3. Residents, especially the elderly, are reactively recycling garbage, but they only recycle materials that are useful to them.
4. The process of recovery, repair and reduce of materials or waste are rarely to be found in this neighborhood.
5. The waste incineration is built for burning the waste, that would harm the environment and bring a negative effect to creatures nearby.

Connections with other resource systems

Figure 8.10 Connections with other resource systems (Ma, 2019)

Introduction

According to the research written by Yanyan (2009), the dimension of green space in Site 4 is 13.31 million square meters and the greening rate is 41.6%. The quality and quantity of green spaces in and surrounding to the neighborhood are closely related to the quality of residents’ life, which is measured by the diversity, beauty and multifunction of greening (Barton. H, Grant. M and Guise. R, 2003). During the field trips, various plants and animals have been found.

1. Plants & animals on the ground

(1) Plants along the road as boundaries

                                     垂柳 Salix babylonica          荷花木兰 Magnolia grandiflora                                红叶石楠 Photinia

                                                                                   海桐 Pittosporum tobira         水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides

Function

1. Purify air

The magnolia grandiflora (荷花木兰), photinia (红叶石楠), pittosporum tobira (海桐) and metasequoia glyptostroboides (水杉) all has the relatively high capacity of resisting the toxic gases, wind, and smoke with the purify value. 

2. The evergreen tree (常绿乔木)

The magnolia grandiflora (荷花木兰), photinia (红叶石楠) and pittosporum tobira (海桐) are all the evergreen tree, which has the high environmentally adaptability and could remain greenery throughout the year.

(2) Plants in the community (public)

                                                      垂丝海棠 Malus halliana                    松树 Pinaceae                          雪松 Cedros deodara

(3) Plants planted by residents (private)

3.1. Food-related plants 

                                                   枇杷 Eriobotrya japonica 青菜 Brassica rapa var. Chinensis  旱芹菜 Apium graveolens

Function & Effects

Those biologies are the private plants planted by residents, which could be the raw materials for food production to local residents. 

-> Raw materials -> food production -> local enterprises & people -> food waste -> fertilizer for plants -> (achieve the recycle in the neighborhood) 

Figure 9.1 Recycle in the community (Chen, 2019)

3.2. Flower & plants 

                                                                           竹 Bambusa                       苏铁 Cycas revoluta       山茶花 Camellia japonica

(4) Animals

                                         Cat                                                     Dog                                                                            Cocks

                                                                                                   Goose                                            Pigeon

2. Animals in the sky

Birds (Birdnest)

3. Animals in the water

Plants & Animals on the water

In conclusion, the overall assessment about Site 4 of Xindongyuan community is problematic. During the field trip and analysis, we found that the local facilities have reached the basic demand with the relatively active local economy. Meanwhile, several ecological constructions for the sustainable purpose could be found. However, there are several issues in that neighborhood:

1. The interaction between ecologies and human is limited;

2. The infrastructures and governance-related system such as draining system are inadequate and uncompleted;

3. The construction of the roads is not walkable and human-friendly such as the quality of pavement;

4. Existed economic inequality with relatively problematic governance.

People and community

The 3^rd Lotus Village is a typical resettlement community after the demolition with the significant characteristics of aging and the excessive gap between the rich and the poor.

Another problem is the poor living environment caused by the lack of management and consciousness of residents. The activities are also an important part we have to pay attention to, which not enough kinds of facilities are provided for.

Local enterprise

The informal economy is of vitality, however, it has been, and would further be restricted by regulation, the informal economy provides low-income residents, especially the old, a part-time job which could, to some extent, improve their living condition. The informal economy is beyond the supervision and it possesses potential danger. Therefore, the overall situation of local enterprise is in the middle.

Access to local facilities

Overall, the accessibility to local facilities ranging from public transportation to sports and recreation could meet the basic demands of local residents from the residential area perspective. However, the service provided for the neighbourhood inhabitants seems inadequate, especially for the vulnerable group (namely elderly and children). Despite the number of kindergartens and health stations is not sufficient theoretically, a higher level demand in the sports and recreation field is required to be realized. In the next round of community promotion, the manager needs to spend more efforts on educational and social aspects.

Movement

Even though the community has various type of movements, the environment is not adequate for the pedestrian to walk, especially for elders and children. They have to avoid cars and motorcycles when walking. This is because the cars take priority over the pedestrian, for example, there are more roads for cars and most spaces between building was used for parking lots. Moreover, the poor quality and a small number of pavements make it more difficult to walk. The formal entrances are few in number so it has a negative effect on accessibility.

Energy

Although the community has 4 types of energy, there are only a few people use solar power. In addition, the distance between the two buildings is not long enough to ensure each floor to get sunlight in winter.

Water

With regard to the functional aspect, different types of water have not formed a using circle for recycling and environmental friendliness. Besides, the permeable land and draining system is not well operated. Even if the water is connected to the green area, the design of this place ignore the human’s activities and contribute to separation, and thus segregation of the neighborhood.

Food

There is basically no distribution of food in the community, but residents will occupy green areas to grow vegetables and even raise poultry. Residents also know that this practice is contrary to community regulations. So the community should manage it better in the current situation.

Materials

To build a sustainable neighborhood, using material loop wisely and connect it to other elements is an important process which cannot be ignored.

Biodiversity

During the field trip, three types of biology, the plants and animals on the ground, in the sky and on the water, or their related human activities were found.

Advantages:

1. Air purify & Environmental beauty (street plants)
2. Related to food production & Achieve recycle (privately planted plants and animals)

Disadvantage:

1. Numerous wasted green space with limited management
2. Relatively limited biological species

The participatory workshop took place in Site 4 with residents. They were most elders because it was weekday when the middle-aged people go to work. To begin with, we introduced our modeling to explain the workshop and had a small talk to warm up. And then, an interview was conducted to identify how they think about neighborhood planning issue. For example, farming in the community, accessibility to market, the security of the village, and visioning as well. In order to clarify the issues, we used Spectrum which has been written in our perspectives to identify residents’ perspectives. We also utilized the World Café so could listen to different opinions of those who live in the first village.

We could find interesting findings from residents’ perspectives. Firstly, there was a conflicting opinion of farming. Some did not seem to have the willingness to farm, while some seemed to want to farm. Secondly, they wanted to extend the opening hours of the existing elders' activity room rather than the number of facilities because some of them think the number of facilities is no problem for now. Thirdly, the uneven pavements and grounds make them have a fall frequently, which can be led to serious injury. Lastly, in the third village, people who live in the northern part (above the river) think the accessibility to the bus stop is a comfort; in contrast, those who live in the southern part (below the river) answered that it is inconvenient. This is because of the location of the bus stop and limited formal gates.

After the participatory workshop, we realized that the living issue of residents can be different from the planner’s perspectives. For instance, there was an opinion that they do not want to farm which is not our expectation. So, it seems to be more effective in the built ecological park for residents to relax. Also, we found that the security problem is more serious for them than our thoughts. Therefore, it is required to install cameras or have some regulations. With regard to methods of the participatory workshop, we realized that it should be changed according to the characteristics of the participants, so they can involve in the process.

Mapping

Neighbourhood (Site 4)

Residential area (Lotus Village)

Spectrum

Grading Criteria

Planner's perspective

Grade

Illustration

Resident's perspective (only the new findings are included)

Grade

Illustration

Twin-track model

Twin-track model is initially used for spatial analysis and according to the multi-dimensions, mainly public transport network and the green space/water space to provide the comprehensive and big picture for development brief (Barton, Grant and Guise, 2010). In the context of Lotus village, where is the relocated neighborhood. The site has been planned, in other words, Lotus village is not allowed for organic expansion, which pushes us not to focus on development but the improvement of existing internal circulation. Moreover, I extend the definition of twin-track to multi-track, and through this whole coursework, we use varied criteria, and each of them is a ‘track’.

Combining every independent recommendation, it could be observed that some are contrasted, which indicates the trade-off between multi-often mutually exclusive-goals. In this case, there is a need to set a priority condition. According to the literature review, we figure out several essential criteria, including pedestrian-based, mix use and mix tenant, a strong sense of space, ecosystem approach to settlement (Barton, Grant and Guise, 2010), to synthesize the conflicting as well as complementary aspects, and ultimately give ‘improvement’ brief.

According to the twin-track model, 

① Emphasis on recycling

1’ Regulation of material recycling

Long term: Develop a corresponding environmental plan. Not only set up different types of garbage bins more reasonably but also involve the participation of residents (Barton, Grant and Guise, 2010). Ensure the material loop works, paying more attention to repair, recover and reuse.

Short term: Localize waste disposal facilities as much as possible (Barton, Grant and Guise, 2010). Communities can provide retired residents with jobs to manage waste recycling.

2’ Apply sustainable water system which is affordable and practical — (there could be a project study)

Long term expectation:

Ideal water recycle system within a community (Barton, Grant and Guise, 2010)

Short term: Repair existing damaged water equipment

3’ Combined heat and power (long term version for sustainability)

These are highly efficient energy-production systems, they supply both electricity and heat. Both types of plant can also be used to provide cooling if required. Some plants can use a mixture of fuel sources, including waste, to generate power (Barton, Grant and Guise, 2010).

② Accessibility and walkability need to improve.

This is extremely important since the majority of residents who spend most of their time in neighborhood is old.

1’ Add another bus stop on the other side of Site 4 (bus stop catchment does not cove the north of the lotus village)

2’ Formal gates for old people

3’ Pavement need to be expanded and there should be a clear division of car place and pedestrian place (for the safety of old people) (Southworth, 2005)

4’ Sidewalk setting altered to create more old-people friendly facilities, including chairs, relaxing place.

③regulate and modify in order to protect the informal economy to create social capital, and thus enhance public activities to form the place identity, since a strong sense of space come from people

1’ allow residents’ call for the 431 policy, and permit public participation for more appropriate ‘local economy landscape’.

2’ transform the ground floor by a group of architects and planner, which also would contribute to mixed use of block

④ Design for green space and water layout (students from the environmental science department and architects could join in this project)

1’ Create more interactions between ecological construction and human activities (long-term)

For example: Allow people doing activities on the waterfront, which require the new design of waterfront. There could settle small parks on the edge of the lotus village, where covers the large green area and runs a channel. In this case, the gate would be demolished, green space and channel themselves as a boundary.

Besides, create water protective forest greening plan (Liu & Fan, n.d)

Redefine the concept of neighborhood planning in lotus village

• Homogenous & heterogeneous

As a relocated neighborhood, where the layout of neighborhood is not likely to be mix-use, (which was also demonstrated in the participatory workshop that several old men complained about its convenient to take a bus on the south side, while it is very inconvenient in the north side), One recommendation that could solve this conflict is mix block, in this case, it is homogenous in terms of building layout, while providing vitality in each building.

• Bottom-up & appropriate regulation

In several sections, including material, food, local economy, regulation is essential for social determinants of health and well-being, however, strictly regulation such as forbid planting, restrict informal economy is not well implemented. Regarding with this dilemma, adjusting the democratic process would help.

• Preserve the tradition & learning from the positive aspect of modern life

Lotus village is located in suburban, where is the transition area. It preserves some old living style, including planting, feeding, traditional manufacturing, etc. however, this against the modern layout of neighborhood. Modern communities need well-run pipelines and water saving equipment, recycling system, etc. which are what lotus village lacks. In this case, the government should invest in the neighborhood, including replace damaged pipelines, install domestic water-saving equipment.

Barton, H., Grant, M. & Guise, R. (2010) Shaping neighborhoods:  For local health and global sustainability. 2^nd ed. London: Routledge.

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